PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease)
PCOD, also known as Polycystic Ovarian Disease, is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by irregular periods, enlarged ovaries with multiple small cysts, and hormonal imbalances.
Common Causes
- Hormonal imbalance: High levels of androgens (male hormones)
- Insulin resistance leading to elevated insulin levels
- Genetic factors (family history of PCOD/PCOS)
- Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
- Inflammation in the body
Common Symptoms
- Irregular or missed menstrual cycles
- Excess hair growth on face, chest, or abdomen (hirsutism)
- Acne and oily skin
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Thinning hair or hair loss on scalp
- Difficulty conceiving (infertility)
- Darkening of skin in certain areas (acanthosis nigricans)
Complications (if untreated)
- Infertility or difficulty conceiving
- Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance
- High cholesterol and heart disease risk
- Endometrial hyperplasia or increased risk of uterine cancer
- Obesity-related complications
Evaluation & Diagnosis
- Medical and menstrual history assessment
- Physical examination (including weight, blood pressure, and hair growth)
- Blood tests to check hormone levels, insulin, and glucose
- Ultrasound of ovaries to detect cysts
- Exclusion of other conditions with similar symptoms
Treatment & Management
- Lifestyle modifications: healthy diet, weight management, and regular exercise
- Medications to regulate menstrual cycles (e.g., hormonal contraceptives)
- Medications to manage insulin resistance (e.g., metformin)
- Medications for excess hair growth or acne
- Fertility treatments if conception is desired
- Regular monitoring for long-term health risks
With proper management, women with PCOD can lead a healthy life and reduce the risk of complications. Dr. Vipin Singhal provides comprehensive care for PCOD, focusing on lifestyle guidance, hormonal balance, and fertility support.
